L’héritage des activités de l’Alliance israélite universelle dans les relations entre accueillants.es et accueillis.es à Montréal et en France des années 1950 aux années 1980 : le cas des migrations d’origine marocaine

Abstract

In the 1950s and 1960s, the Jewish communities of Morocco left the Kingdom en masse. While a large majority migrated to Israel, tens of thousands chose France and Canada as their place of settlement. These migrants had in common that they had attended the schools of the Alliance Israélite Universelle, a very active institution with establishments in Morocco and scientific activities in France. Through this schooling, these individuals learned French and had close contact with French culture, which had some influence on their choice of migration process. In this article, the objective is to look at the different ways in which IAU activities had an impact on the settlement processes of Moroccans in Montreal and Paris. As we shall see, those who chose Montreal generally wished to set up activities that mirrored those of the IAU and that allowed for the maintenance of the French language. On the other hand, a very different reality awaited those who arrived in Paris and were confronted with an image of themselves that was disseminated by the Alliance. In this article, the author discusses the settlement - through the prism of otherness and orientalism - of the two phenomena that marked the relations with the Jewish communities already present in these societies.